I registered late for the ICT in Science class for my very first semester in UPSI. Actually, I'm a bit afraid of ICT because all this while I don't have much experience in this field. I just explore it when I think it is necessary.
After all, a SMS from IPS UPSI has changed my perception towards ICT. Excited and lack of knowledge in Blog made me make my way along Jalan Masjid India to look for a Blog Building Guidance.
Eventually, I found this little, easy to understand book that fulfilled my need. So, I suggest you, especially the student for TSP 6033 under DR SADIAH to get this book for yourself. The price is very reasonable.
You can also visit http://www.aninadila.com/buku-tulisan-blog for further info.
20.2.09
19.2.09
17.2.09
Exercise Habits Quizze
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Quiz_are_you_in_the_exercise_habit?Open
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Body mass index (BMI) is used to estimate your total amount of body fat. It is calculated by dividing your weight in kilograms by your height in metres squared (m2).
Differences in BMI between people of the same age and sex are usually due to body fat. However there are exceptions to this rule, which means a BMI figure may not be accurate.
BMI calculations will overestimate the amount of body fat for:
* Body builders
* Some high performance athletes
* Pregnant women.
BMI calculations will underestimate the amount of body fat for:
* The elderly
* People with a physical disability who are unable to walk and may have muscle wasting.
BMI is also not an accurate indicator for people with eating disorders like anorexia nervosa or people with extreme obesity.
BMI is not the best measure of weight and health risk. A person’s waist circumference is a better predictor of health risk than BMI.
BMI and children
The healthy weight range for adults of a BMI of 20 to 25 is not a suitable measure for children.
For adults who have stopped growing, an increase in BMI is usually caused by an increase in body fat. But as children grow, their amount of body fat changes and so will their BMI. For example, BMI usually decreases during the preschool years and then increases into adulthood.
For this reason a BMI calculation for a child or an adolescent must be compared against age and gender percentile charts.
The new BMI charts for children have been developed by the US Centre for Disease Control.
The charts are useful for the assessment of overweight and obesity in children aged over two. However they should be used only as a guide to indicate when make small lifestyle changes, and when to seek further guidance from a doctor or an Accredited Practising Dietitian (APD).
Calculating your BMI
BMI is an approximate measure of the best weight for health only. To calculate your BMI, you need to know:
* Your weight in kilograms
* Your height in metres.
What your BMI means
Once you have measured your BMI, you can determine your healthy weight range.
If you have a BMI of:
* Under 18 – you are very underweight and possibly malnourished.
* Under 20 – you are underweight and could afford to gain a little weight.
* 20 to 25 – you have a healthy weight range for young and middle-aged adults.
* 26 to 30 – you are overweight.
* Over 30 – you are obese.
For older people over the age of 74 years, general health status may be more important than being mildly overweight. Some researchers have suggested that a BMI range of 22-26 is acceptable for older people.
Some exceptions to the rule
BMI does not differentiate between body fat and muscle mass. This means there are some exceptions to the BMI guidelines.
* Muscles – body builders and people who have a lot of muscle bulk will have a high BMI but are not overweight.
* Physical disabilities – people who have a physical disability and are unable to walk may have muscle wasting. Their BMI may be slightly lower but this does not necessarily mean they are underweight. In these instances, it is important to consult a dietitian who will provide helpful advice.
* Height – for people who are shorter (for example Asian populations), the cut-offs for overweight and obesity may need to be lower. This is because there is an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which begins at a BMI as low as 23 in Asian populations.
Being overweight or underweight can affect your health
The link between being overweight or obese and the chance you will become ill is not definite. The research is ongoing. However, when data from large groups of people are analysed, statistically there is a greater chance of developing various diseases if you are overweight. For example, the risk of death rises slightly (by 20–30 per cent) as BMI rises from 25 to 27. As BMI rises above 27, the risk of death rises more steeply (by 60 per cent).
Risks of being overweight and physically inactive
If you are overweight (BMI over 25) and physically inactive, you may develop:
* Cardiovascular (heart and blood circulation) disease
* Gall bladder disease
* High blood pressure (hypertension)
* Diabetes
* Osteoarthritis
* Certain types of cancer, such as colon and breast cancer.
Risks of being underweight
If you are underweight (BMI less than 20), you may be malnourished and develop:
* Compromised immune function
* Respiratory disease
* Digestive disease
* Cancer
* Osteoporosis
* Increased risk of falls and fractures.
Things to remember
* BMI is an approximate measure of your total body fat.
* Being underweight or overweight can cause health problems, especially if you are also inactive.
* Your waist circumference is a better predictor of health risk than BMI.
Differences in BMI between people of the same age and sex are usually due to body fat. However there are exceptions to this rule, which means a BMI figure may not be accurate.
BMI calculations will overestimate the amount of body fat for:
* Body builders
* Some high performance athletes
* Pregnant women.
BMI calculations will underestimate the amount of body fat for:
* The elderly
* People with a physical disability who are unable to walk and may have muscle wasting.
BMI is also not an accurate indicator for people with eating disorders like anorexia nervosa or people with extreme obesity.
BMI is not the best measure of weight and health risk. A person’s waist circumference is a better predictor of health risk than BMI.
BMI and children
The healthy weight range for adults of a BMI of 20 to 25 is not a suitable measure for children.
For adults who have stopped growing, an increase in BMI is usually caused by an increase in body fat. But as children grow, their amount of body fat changes and so will their BMI. For example, BMI usually decreases during the preschool years and then increases into adulthood.
For this reason a BMI calculation for a child or an adolescent must be compared against age and gender percentile charts.
The new BMI charts for children have been developed by the US Centre for Disease Control.
The charts are useful for the assessment of overweight and obesity in children aged over two. However they should be used only as a guide to indicate when make small lifestyle changes, and when to seek further guidance from a doctor or an Accredited Practising Dietitian (APD).
Calculating your BMI
BMI is an approximate measure of the best weight for health only. To calculate your BMI, you need to know:
* Your weight in kilograms
* Your height in metres.
What your BMI means
Once you have measured your BMI, you can determine your healthy weight range.
If you have a BMI of:
* Under 18 – you are very underweight and possibly malnourished.
* Under 20 – you are underweight and could afford to gain a little weight.
* 20 to 25 – you have a healthy weight range for young and middle-aged adults.
* 26 to 30 – you are overweight.
* Over 30 – you are obese.
For older people over the age of 74 years, general health status may be more important than being mildly overweight. Some researchers have suggested that a BMI range of 22-26 is acceptable for older people.
Some exceptions to the rule
BMI does not differentiate between body fat and muscle mass. This means there are some exceptions to the BMI guidelines.
* Muscles – body builders and people who have a lot of muscle bulk will have a high BMI but are not overweight.
* Physical disabilities – people who have a physical disability and are unable to walk may have muscle wasting. Their BMI may be slightly lower but this does not necessarily mean they are underweight. In these instances, it is important to consult a dietitian who will provide helpful advice.
* Height – for people who are shorter (for example Asian populations), the cut-offs for overweight and obesity may need to be lower. This is because there is an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which begins at a BMI as low as 23 in Asian populations.
Being overweight or underweight can affect your health
The link between being overweight or obese and the chance you will become ill is not definite. The research is ongoing. However, when data from large groups of people are analysed, statistically there is a greater chance of developing various diseases if you are overweight. For example, the risk of death rises slightly (by 20–30 per cent) as BMI rises from 25 to 27. As BMI rises above 27, the risk of death rises more steeply (by 60 per cent).
Risks of being overweight and physically inactive
If you are overweight (BMI over 25) and physically inactive, you may develop:
* Cardiovascular (heart and blood circulation) disease
* Gall bladder disease
* High blood pressure (hypertension)
* Diabetes
* Osteoarthritis
* Certain types of cancer, such as colon and breast cancer.
Risks of being underweight
If you are underweight (BMI less than 20), you may be malnourished and develop:
* Compromised immune function
* Respiratory disease
* Digestive disease
* Cancer
* Osteoporosis
* Increased risk of falls and fractures.
Things to remember
* BMI is an approximate measure of your total body fat.
* Being underweight or overweight can cause health problems, especially if you are also inactive.
* Your waist circumference is a better predictor of health risk than BMI.
Smoking - The cost
One packet of 25 cigarettes costs around $10.50, and the price keeps rising. If you need an added incentive to quit, think about how much of your pay packet is going up in smoke every week.
What could you do for yourself and your family with that extra money? More than you think. At today’s prices, if you smoke one pack of cigarettes per day for 10 years, you’ll spend over $38,000 – easily enough to buy a new car.
After one day
After one day of not smoking, you’ve got an extra $10.50 in your pocket. You could treat yourself to a café lunch or buy a couple of your favourite magazines.
The health benefits of not smoking for one day include:
• Most of the nicotine is cleared from your body.
• Your blood pressure and heart rate are dropping towards normal levels.
After two days
You’ve saved $21. You could go to the movies.
The health benefits of not smoking for two days include:
• Your senses of smell and taste begin to improve.
• You notice that your skin, hair and breath smell fresher.
• Less carbon monoxide in your system means your lungs are more efficient.
After one week
Now you’ve got an extra $73.50 in your pocket. You could take someone to dinner or the theatre, or buy a few books, CDs or DVDs.
The health benefits of not smoking for one week include:
• The small hair-like structures that clean your lungs, called cilia, are starting to work again. Accumulated phlegm from smoking will loosen and you will start to cough it up.
• Your body is purged of most nicotine by-products.
After one month
You’ve saved $320. You could go away for a weekend, buy a new television or treat yourself to some new clothes.
The health benefits of not smoking for one month include:
• Your lungs are working more efficiently.
• Exercising is easier.
• Your blood pressure has returned to normal.
• Your immune system is starting to recover.
After three to six months
After three months you’ve saved over $950, enough for a return ticket to New Zealand with extra spending money or a new home theatre package including a DVD player and speakers. After six months, you’ve got $1,910 to spend. You could pay for a holiday in Queensland or a return ticket to London or the United States.
The health benefits of not smoking for three to six months include:
• You don’t cough and wheeze as much anymore. Your lung function has continued to improve.
• Blood flow to your extremities, like fingers and toes, improves.
After one year
You’ve saved $3,830, enough for an around-the-world plane ticket or a new computer system.
The health benefits of not smoking for one year include:
• Your increased risk of premature death from heart attack is halved.
Other cost-saving benefits of quitting
If you quit smoking, you’ll save money in many other ways, including:
• You’re less likely to suffer from respiratory infections, which means fewer trips to the doctor, less money spent on medications and fewer sick days.
• You won’t need so many visits to the dentist to have your teeth professionally cleaned.
• You don’t have to spend as much time and money on maintaining the house. For example, smoking inside your home discolours paint and wallpaper.
• You cut down on your cleaning bills because clothes, furniture upholstery and the interior of your car no longer stink of cigarette smoke.
Future benefits
The health and financial benefits of quitting continue as the years go by.
• Your chances of conceiving a baby improve. Smoking can cause fertility problems, such as impotence in men and increased risk of miscarriage in women.
• Within two to five years, your risk of stroke is substantially reduced. You’ve also saved between $7,500 and $19,000.
• After 10 years, your risk of lung cancer is less than half that of a continuing smoker and continues to decline (provided the disease is not already present). You’ve also saved over $38,000.
• After 15 years, your risk of coronary heart disease is nearly the same as a lifetime non-smoker. You’ve also saved over $57,000.
Where to get help
• Your doctor
• Your pharmacist
What could you do for yourself and your family with that extra money? More than you think. At today’s prices, if you smoke one pack of cigarettes per day for 10 years, you’ll spend over $38,000 – easily enough to buy a new car.
After one day
After one day of not smoking, you’ve got an extra $10.50 in your pocket. You could treat yourself to a café lunch or buy a couple of your favourite magazines.
The health benefits of not smoking for one day include:
• Most of the nicotine is cleared from your body.
• Your blood pressure and heart rate are dropping towards normal levels.
After two days
You’ve saved $21. You could go to the movies.
The health benefits of not smoking for two days include:
• Your senses of smell and taste begin to improve.
• You notice that your skin, hair and breath smell fresher.
• Less carbon monoxide in your system means your lungs are more efficient.
After one week
Now you’ve got an extra $73.50 in your pocket. You could take someone to dinner or the theatre, or buy a few books, CDs or DVDs.
The health benefits of not smoking for one week include:
• The small hair-like structures that clean your lungs, called cilia, are starting to work again. Accumulated phlegm from smoking will loosen and you will start to cough it up.
• Your body is purged of most nicotine by-products.
After one month
You’ve saved $320. You could go away for a weekend, buy a new television or treat yourself to some new clothes.
The health benefits of not smoking for one month include:
• Your lungs are working more efficiently.
• Exercising is easier.
• Your blood pressure has returned to normal.
• Your immune system is starting to recover.
After three to six months
After three months you’ve saved over $950, enough for a return ticket to New Zealand with extra spending money or a new home theatre package including a DVD player and speakers. After six months, you’ve got $1,910 to spend. You could pay for a holiday in Queensland or a return ticket to London or the United States.
The health benefits of not smoking for three to six months include:
• You don’t cough and wheeze as much anymore. Your lung function has continued to improve.
• Blood flow to your extremities, like fingers and toes, improves.
After one year
You’ve saved $3,830, enough for an around-the-world plane ticket or a new computer system.
The health benefits of not smoking for one year include:
• Your increased risk of premature death from heart attack is halved.
Other cost-saving benefits of quitting
If you quit smoking, you’ll save money in many other ways, including:
• You’re less likely to suffer from respiratory infections, which means fewer trips to the doctor, less money spent on medications and fewer sick days.
• You won’t need so many visits to the dentist to have your teeth professionally cleaned.
• You don’t have to spend as much time and money on maintaining the house. For example, smoking inside your home discolours paint and wallpaper.
• You cut down on your cleaning bills because clothes, furniture upholstery and the interior of your car no longer stink of cigarette smoke.
Future benefits
The health and financial benefits of quitting continue as the years go by.
• Your chances of conceiving a baby improve. Smoking can cause fertility problems, such as impotence in men and increased risk of miscarriage in women.
• Within two to five years, your risk of stroke is substantially reduced. You’ve also saved between $7,500 and $19,000.
• After 10 years, your risk of lung cancer is less than half that of a continuing smoker and continues to decline (provided the disease is not already present). You’ve also saved over $38,000.
• After 15 years, your risk of coronary heart disease is nearly the same as a lifetime non-smoker. You’ve also saved over $57,000.
Where to get help
• Your doctor
• Your pharmacist
BioCalculator
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcsite.nsf/pages/bmi
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcsite.nsf/pages/bmi4child
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcsite.nsf/pages/smokingcost
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcsite.nsf/pages/pregnancyDueDate
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcsite.nsf/pages/bmi4child
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcsite.nsf/pages/smokingcost
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcsite.nsf/pages/pregnancyDueDate
16.2.09
Be Grateful
Students nowadays are really lucky...During my study, ICT was rarely used. Having computer and mobile phone was such a sweet dreams to be fulfilled. I still remember using typewriter to complete my assignment. Sometimes, the lecturer especially from Pusat Pengajian Sains Kajihayat USM let us submit the lab report using just our handwriting!
So, kids and students, make full use of ICT. Apply your skill in ICT to enhance your Bio knowledge.
So, kids and students, make full use of ICT. Apply your skill in ICT to enhance your Bio knowledge.
14.2.09
THANKS.......
A very special thanks to my beloved Hubby: because of him (of course with God willings) I'm here creating and developing my own blog. Also a lot of thanks to my beloved daughters, for understanding my interests.
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